两种纳米金属粉对固相HMX的催化分解动力学研究

(西安近代化学研究所,陕西 西安 710065)

物理化学; 纳米金属粉; HMX; 催化分解; 纳米钛粉; 纳米锆粉

Catalytic Decomposition Kinetics of HMX in Solid Phase with Two Nano Metal Powders
LIU Wen-liang, GU Yan, YU Si-long, ZHANG Lin-jun

(Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an 710065, China)

physical chemistry; nano metal powders; HMX; catalytic decomposition; nano Ti powder; nano Zr powder

DOI: 10.14077/j.issn.1007-7812.201907021

备注

为了获得纳米级金属粉对HMX热分解的催化作用及分解动力学的影响规律,采用差示扫描量热法(DSC)、热重法(TG)研究了普通级和纳米级金属钛粉、锆粉与HMX混合体系的热分解,采用等温热重法研究了上述混合体系的分解动力学。结果 表明,纳米级金属粉使HMX在固相的热分解提前, HMX/金属粉质量比为2:1时,纳米钛粉和纳米锆粉分别使HMX固相起始分解温度降低了3.9℃和3.0℃,使HMX固相分解比例由0.5%分别增至18.3%和4.6%; HMX在固相的分解深度随纳米金属粉含量增加而增加; HMX/金属粉混合体系固相初期分解反应机理函数均为成核和生长(n=1)的Avrami-Erofeyev方程,钛粉显著降低了HMX固相分解的表观活化能和指前因子,提高了以反应速率常数之比表示的催化分解系数,缩短了分解时间; HMX/纳米钛粉质量比5:1混合体系的等温分解表观活化能Ea为138.9kJ/mol,指前因子ln(A/s-1)为25.47; 此外,还发现金属粉/HMX混合体系、金属氧化物/HMX混合体系、各种相态单质HMX的动力学参数有同一“动力学补偿效应”关系。

In order to obtain the catalytic effect of nano metal powder on the thermal decomposition of HMX and the influence law of decomposition kinetics, the effects of nano metal powders(Ti, Zr)and normal metal powders(Ti, Zr)on the thermal decomposition of HMX were investigated by using Differential Scanning Caborimetry(DSC)and Thermal Gravimetry(TG). The isothermal kinetic parameters of the mixture were obtained by iso-TG tests. The results show that the decomposition of HMX in condensed phase is accelerated apparently by the nano powders. When the mass ratio of HMX and metal powder is 2:1, the initial decomposition temperatures of HMX in condensed phase decrease by 3.9℃ and 3.0℃ due to nano Ti and nano Zr, respectively. The condensed phase decomposition ratios of HMX increase from 0.5% to 18.3% or 4.6% in the above-mentioned systems. The condensed phase decomposition ratio increases with the increase of the nano metal powders mass ratios. The initial decomposition reactions of HMX with metal powders follow random nucleation and growth Avrami-Erofeyev equation. The apparent activation energy and preexponential factor of the decomposition of HMX in condensed phase is decreased by nano Ti apparently, and the catalytic decomposition coefficient described by the reaction rate constant ratio is also increased. The apparent activation energy(Ea)and preexponential factor(lnA/s-1)of HMX/ nano Ti(mass ratio 2:1)are 138.9kJ/mol and 25.47, respectively. In addition, It is also found that the kinetic parameters of HMX/metal powders mixtures, HMX/metal oxides powders mixtures and HMX in various phase states have the same “kinetic compensation effect”.