耐热型铵油炸药的制备及性能

(1.安徽理工大学 化学工程学院,安徽 淮南 232001; 2.雅化集团内蒙古柯达化工有限公司,内蒙古 包头 014000; 3.内蒙古康宁爆破有限责任公司,内蒙古 鄂尔多斯 017000)

爆炸力学; 工业炸药; 铵油炸药; ANFO; 耐热性; 火区爆破; 热分解抑制剂

Preparation and Properties of Heat-resistant Ammonium Nitrate Fuel Oil Explosive
LIU Wei1,GUO Zi-ru1,WANG Yang1,GAO Zhong-guo2,FANG Qi1,HE Zhi-wei1,SONG Jia wang3,LIU Feng1

(1.School of Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technolagy, Huainan Anhui 232001, China; 2. Yahua Group Inner Mongolia Kodak Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Baotou Inner Mongolia 014000, China; 3. Inner Mongolia Kangning Blasting Co., Ltd., Ordos Inner Mongolia 017000, China)

explosion mechanics; ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive(ANFO); heat resistance; fire area blasting; thermal decomposition inhibitors

DOI: 10.14077/j.issn.1007-7812.201908002

备注

为了提高铵油炸药的耐热性,提高露天煤矿火区爆破的安全性和效率,利用C80微量量热仪和自研简易恒温大药量试验研究了A、B、C 3种添加剂对铵油炸药热稳定性的影响,通过爆速测试确定了耐热型铵油炸药配方。结果 表明,纯铵油炸药活化能为188.93kJ/mol,含质量分数5%添加剂A、添加剂B、添加剂C的铵油炸药活化能分别为208.76、203.54和201.14kJ/mol,3种添加剂均可提高铵油炸药的耐热性,添加剂A对热分解的抑制效果最好; 纯铵油炸药爆速为3522.5m/s,含质量分数5%添加剂A、添加剂B、添加剂C的铵油炸药爆速分别为3405.0、2142.5和2415.5m/s,添加剂A对铵油炸药爆炸性能影响最小。设计的一种新型的耐热型铵油炸药配方为:多孔粒状硝酸铵与柴油的质量比为94:6,外加质量分数为5%~8%的添加剂A。耐热型铵油炸药在200~300℃的高温环境下具有高的热稳定性,并且在高温环境中经过较长时间仍能可靠使用,爆炸威力能够满足火区爆破的需求。

In order to improve the heat resistance of ammonium nitrate fuel oil(ANFO)and enhance the safety and efficiency in the blasting of high temperature overburdens(fire area blasting)for some overcast coal mine due to last coal combustion spontaneously, the effects of additive A, B and C on the thermal stability of ANFO were studied by C80 micro-calorimeter and a simple self made constant temperature testing setup with large sample quantities. The formulation of heat-resistant ANFO was confirmed by the detonation velocity of the samples. The results show that the activation energy of pure ANFO, ANFO with 5% additive A, ANFO with 5% additive B and ANFO with 5% additive C are 188.93, 208.76,203.54 and 201.14kJ/mol, respectively. All three additives can improve the heat resistance of ANFO, and A is the best on inhibiting the thermal decomposition of the ANFO. The detonation velocity of pure ANFO, ANFO with 5% additive A, ANFO with 5% additive B and ANFO with 5% additive C are 3522.5,3405.0,2142.5 and 2415.5m/s, respectively. The additive A has the smallest effect on the explosion performance of ANFO. A new type of heat-resistant ANFO was preliminarily designed through a series of experiments,and the formulation is as follows: the mass fraction ratio of porous ammonium nitrate and diesel oil is 94:6, and plus additive of 5%—8% A is added. The heat-resistant ANFO has high thermal stability under the high-temperature condition of 200—300 ℃, and it can be used reliably after a long time in the high temperature environment. The explosion power of heat-resistant ANFO can meet the requirements of the fire area blasting.