作者简介:刘伟(1980-),男,讲师,从事爆破器材设计和爆炸模拟计算。E-mail:wliu@aust.edu.cn 通信作者:郭子如(1962-),男,教授,从事爆炸材料设计和爆炸作业用及效应等研究。E-mail:zrguo@aust.edu.cn
为了提高铵油炸药的耐热性,提高露天煤矿火区爆破的安全性和效率,利用C80微量量热仪和自研简易恒温大药量试验研究了A、B、C 3种添加剂对铵油炸药热稳定性的影响,通过爆速测试确定了耐热型铵油炸药配方。结果 表明,纯铵油炸药活化能为188.93kJ/mol,含质量分数5%添加剂A、添加剂B、添加剂C的铵油炸药活化能分别为208.76、203.54和201.14kJ/mol,3种添加剂均可提高铵油炸药的耐热性,添加剂A对热分解的抑制效果最好; 纯铵油炸药爆速为3522.5m/s,含质量分数5%添加剂A、添加剂B、添加剂C的铵油炸药爆速分别为3405.0、2142.5和2415.5m/s,添加剂A对铵油炸药爆炸性能影响最小。设计的一种新型的耐热型铵油炸药配方为:多孔粒状硝酸铵与柴油的质量比为94:6,外加质量分数为5%~8%的添加剂A。耐热型铵油炸药在200~300℃的高温环境下具有高的热稳定性,并且在高温环境中经过较长时间仍能可靠使用,爆炸威力能够满足火区爆破的需求。
In order to improve the heat resistance of ammonium nitrate fuel oil(ANFO)and enhance the safety and efficiency in the blasting of high temperature overburdens(fire area blasting)for some overcast coal mine due to last coal combustion spontaneously, the effects of additive A, B and C on the thermal stability of ANFO were studied by C80 micro-calorimeter and a simple self made constant temperature testing setup with large sample quantities. The formulation of heat-resistant ANFO was confirmed by the detonation velocity of the samples. The results show that the activation energy of pure ANFO, ANFO with 5% additive A, ANFO with 5% additive B and ANFO with 5% additive C are 188.93, 208.76,203.54 and 201.14kJ/mol, respectively. All three additives can improve the heat resistance of ANFO, and A is the best on inhibiting the thermal decomposition of the ANFO. The detonation velocity of pure ANFO, ANFO with 5% additive A, ANFO with 5% additive B and ANFO with 5% additive C are 3522.5,3405.0,2142.5 and 2415.5m/s, respectively. The additive A has the smallest effect on the explosion performance of ANFO. A new type of heat-resistant ANFO was preliminarily designed through a series of experiments,and the formulation is as follows: the mass fraction ratio of porous ammonium nitrate and diesel oil is 94:6, and plus additive of 5%—8% A is added. The heat-resistant ANFO has high thermal stability under the high-temperature condition of 200—300 ℃, and it can be used reliably after a long time in the high temperature environment. The explosion power of heat-resistant ANFO can meet the requirements of the fire area blasting.