热-力耦合作用下B炸药的撞击安全性

(西安近代化学研究所,陕西 西安 710065)

爆炸力学; B炸药; 撞击实验; 安全性; 温度效应; 尺寸效应; 热-力耦合作用

Impact Safety of Composition B under Thermo-Mechanical Coupling Condition
QU Ke-peng,SHEN Fei,XIAO Wei,LI Liang-liang,Lü Yong-zhu, DONG Shu-nan, CHEN Peng

(Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an 710065, China)

explosion mechanics; Composition B; impact experiment; safety; temperature effect; size effect; thermal-mechanical coupling effect

DOI: 10.14077/j.issn.1007-7812.201906003

备注

为研究热-力耦合作用下B炸药的撞击安全性,利用大型落锤加载装置开展了不同温度(-40、25、70℃)和不同尺寸(Φ20mm×20mm,Φ40mm×40mm,Φ60mm×60mm)下B炸药柱的撞击实验,获得了不同温度和尺寸条件下B炸药的临界点火阈值,并对不同尺寸药柱在临界反应高度下的应变分布状态进行了数值模拟,探讨了温度和药柱尺寸对B炸药撞击点火的影响机制。结果 表明,B炸药的临界点火高度随温度升高呈现非线性变化特征,-40℃时的最大未反应落高(3800mm)略高于常温25℃和高温70℃时的最大未反应落高(3700mm); 随药柱尺寸由Φ20mm×20mm增至Φ40mm×40mm,B炸药所能承受的最大应力由1543MPa降至1125MPa,其点火阈值具有明显的尺寸效应,这可能是由于药柱内部应变值与端面边缘最大应变区应变值差异逐渐减小,使得“热点”形成的几率和数量增加。

To study the impact safety of Composition B under thermal-mechanical coupling condition, the impact tests of Composition B specimen at different temperatures(-40℃,25℃,70℃)with different sizes(Φ20mm×20mm,Φ40mm×40mm,Φ60×60mm)were carried out by drop-weight loading device. The critical ignition threshold of Composition B at different temperatures with different sample sizes was obtained, and the strain distribution of Composition B with different sizes at critical reaction height was simulated. The influence mechanism of temperature and size on the critical ignition threshold of Composition B was discussed. The results show that the critical ignition height of Composition B varies nonlinearly with the increase of temperature, and the maximum unreacted drop weight height(3800mm)at -40℃ is slightly higher than the maximum unreacted drop weight height(3700mm)at 25℃ and 70℃; With the increase of grain size from Φ20mm×20mm to Φ40mm×40mm, the maximum stress of Composition B decreases from 1543MPa to 1125MPa, and its ignition threshold has obvious size effect, which may be due to the gradual decrease of the difference between strain in the specimen and the strain in the maximum strain zone at the end edge, inducing the increase of the probability and numbers of “hot spots”.