火炸药学报

固体推进剂点火准则研究进展

张文科,李泽旭,赵乙丁,刘建忠

(浙江大学热能工程研究所,浙江杭州 310027)

关键词：固体推进剂; 点火准则; 点火理论; 研究进展; 固体火箭发动机

Research Progress in Ignition Criteria of Solid Propellants

ZHANG Wen-ke, LI Ze-xu, ZHAO Yi-ding, LIU Jian-zhong

(Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China)

Keywords： solid propellant; ignition criterion; ignition theory; research progress; solid rocket motor

DOI: 10.14077/j.issn.1007-7812.202304013

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为了建立通用的固体推进剂点火准则,分别从实验和模拟两个角度总结了近年来国内外固体推进剂的点火准则。实验层面的点火准则包含判定固体推进剂点火的发火/不发火判据、压力判据、温度判据、光谱辐射强度判据、多参数协同点火判据等。对比分析表明,点火准则均受实验条件以及测试设备的限制,且存在温度等关键点火参数测试难度较大、测试参数延迟等缺陷,因此很难进行拓展应用,但多参数协同的点火判据具有更高的准确性和更大的推广可能性。模拟层面则主要是基于固相、气相、异相点火理论建立的温度点火准则、压力点火准则和化学信号点火准则3类。相较于实验点火准则而言,模拟点火准则更符合固体推进剂的点火理论,但需要从实验获得点火温度、动力学数据等关键参数作为模型输入,且不同种类推进剂的点火理论不尽相同,因此该类点火准则仍需进一步研究。此外,对实验、模拟点火准则进行了关联性和通用性讨论。附

In order to establish the general ignition criteria on solid propellant, the recent domestic and foreign solid propellant ignition criteria were summarized from experiment and simulation analysis aspects, respectively. The ignition criteria for solid propellant at the experimental level include ignition/non-ignition criteria, pressure criteria, temperature criteria, spectral radiation intensity criteria and multi-parameter co-ignition criteria. Comparative analysis shows that the ignition criteria are limited by the experimental conditions and the test equipments, and there are defects such as the key ignition temperature is difficult to be got, and there is a delay in parameters testing, so it is difficult to expand the application.However, the multi-parameter collaborative ignition criterion has higher accuracy and greater promotion possibility. At the simulation level, the temperature ignition criteria, the pressure ignition criteria and the chemical signal ignition criteria are mainly established based on solid phase, gas phase and out-of-phase ignition theories. Compared with the experimental ignition criterion, the simulated ignition criterion is more consistent with the ignition theory of solid propellant, but the key parameters such as ignition temperature and dynamics data obtained from the experiments are required as the model input, and the ignition theory of different types of propellants is different, so the ignition criterion still needs to be further studied. In addition, the correlation and generality of experimental and simulated ignition criteria are discussed. 49 References are attached.

引言
1 固体推进剂实验点火准则
2 固体推进剂模拟点火准则
3 总结与展望

图1 NEPE推进剂点火过程[15]<br/>Fig.1 Ignition process of NEPE propellant [15]

图1 NEPE推进剂点火过程[15]
Fig.1 Ignition process of NEPE propellant [15]

图2 ECSP推进剂点火和燃烧过程电压、电流与火焰亮度曲线[18]<br/>Fig.2 Voltage, current and flame brightness curves of ECSP propellant during ignition and combustion process [18]

图2 ECSP推进剂点火和燃烧过程电压、电流与火焰亮度曲线[18]
Fig.2 Voltage, current and flame brightness curves of ECSP propellant during ignition and combustion process [18]

图3 固体推进剂燃烧室内点火压力响应及压力点火准则<br/>Fig.3 Ignition pressure response and pressure ignition criterion in solid propellant combustion chamber

图3 固体推进剂燃烧室内点火压力响应及压力点火准则
Fig.3 Ignition pressure response and pressure ignition criterion in solid propellant combustion chamber

图4 固体冲压发动机燃烧室和补燃室压力响应[23]<br/>Fig.4 Pressure response of combustor and afterburner of solid ramjet [23]

图4 固体冲压发动机燃烧室和补燃室压力响应[23]
Fig.4 Pressure response of combustor and afterburner of solid ramjet [23]

图5 HMX和TATB激光点火温度曲线及平均点火温度[7]<br/>Fig.5 The laser ignition temperature curve and average ignition temperature of HMX, TATB [7]

图5 HMX和TATB激光点火温度曲线及平均点火温度[7]
Fig.5 The laser ignition temperature curve and average ignition temperature of HMX, TATB [7]

图6 固体推进剂点火和燃烧过程全局辐射强度变化[10]<br/>Fig.6 The global radiation intensity change during ignition and combustion process of solid propellant [10]

图6 固体推进剂点火和燃烧过程全局辐射强度变化[10]
Fig.6 The global radiation intensity change during ignition and combustion process of solid propellant [10]

图7 含硅复合推进剂点火燃烧过程Na特征峰强度变化曲线[30]<br/>Fig.7 Variation curve of Na characteristic peak intensity during ignition and combustion of composite propellant containing silicon [30]

图7 含硅复合推进剂点火燃烧过程Na特征峰强度变化曲线[30]
Fig.7 Variation curve of Na characteristic peak intensity during ignition and combustion of composite propellant containing silicon [30]

图8 红外热像仪(FLIR)与高速摄像仪协同判断点火起点[15]<br/>Fig.8 Collaborative determination of ignition starting point using infrared thermal imager(FLIR)and high-speed camera [15]

图8 红外热像仪(FLIR)与高速摄像仪协同判断点火起点[15]
Fig.8 Collaborative determination of ignition starting point using infrared thermal imager(FLIR)and high-speed camera [15]

表1 固体推进剂实验点火准则简表<br/>Table 1 Brief table of ignition criteria for solid propellant experiments

表1 固体推进剂实验点火准则简表
Table 1 Brief table of ignition criteria for solid propellant experiments

图9 AP/HTPB推进剂表面温度与燃速曲线[35]<br/>Fig.9 The surface temperature versus burning rate curve of AP/HTPB propellant [35]

图9 AP/HTPB推进剂表面温度与燃速曲线[35]
Fig.9 The surface temperature versus burning rate curve of AP/HTPB propellant [35]

$图10 RDX点火燃烧温度与质量分数曲线[41]<br/>Fig.10 The ignition can combustion temperature versus mass fraction curve of RDX [41]$

图10 RDX点火燃烧温度与质量分数曲线[41]
Fig.10 The ignition can combustion temperature versus mass fraction curve of RDX [41]

图11 HMX/GAP 激光激发下气相温度曲线[42]<br/>Fig.11 Gas phase temperature curve excited by HMX/GAP laser [42]

图11 HMX/GAP 激光激发下气相温度曲线[42]
Fig.11 Gas phase temperature curve excited by HMX/GAP laser [42]

图12 特定条件下典型的模拟腔室压力迹线[46]<br/>Fig.12 Typical simulated chamber pressure trace under specific conditions [46]

图12 特定条件下典型的模拟腔室压力迹线[46]
Fig.12 Typical simulated chamber pressure trace under specific conditions [46]

图13 4ms时激光诱导RDX点火的气相温度和物质含量曲线[13]<br/>Fig.13 Gas phase temperature and substance content curves of laser induced RDX ignition at 4ms [13]

图13 4ms时激光诱导RDX点火的气相温度和物质含量曲线[13]
Fig.13 Gas phase temperature and substance content curves of laser induced RDX ignition at 4ms [13]

表2 固体推进剂点火模型研究准则简表<br/>Table 2 Brief table of criteria in solid propellant ignition model investigations

表2 固体推进剂点火模型研究准则简表
Table 2 Brief table of criteria in solid propellant ignition model investigations

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引言

1 固体推进剂实验点火准则

2 固体推进剂模拟点火准则

3 总结与展望

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