火炸药学报

以AP和铝粉为原料,采用“AP预处理+表面沉积”两步法工艺制备了以铝粉为“壳”的铝基核壳材料AP/Al; 采用SEM-EDS、粒度分析、密度测试等方法表征了AP/Al的表面形貌、元素分布、粒度分布和密度等物理特性,对比测试了铝基核壳材料AP/Al的感度性能、热分解性能、爆热及残渣活性铝含量并与AP/Al物理混合物进行了对比; 运用Flynn-Wall-Ozawa方程计算了AP/Al物理混合物及铝基核壳材料AP/Al的分解活化能,并通过高速摄像机记录了铝基核壳材料AP/Al的燃烧特性。结果表明,铝基核壳材料AP/Al是以AP为“核芯”、铝粉为“壳”,密度为2.0485g/cm³的类球形颗粒; 相比于物理混合物,铝基核壳材料AP/Al静电火光感度由27.94mJ提高至102.88mJ,AP低温分解和高温分解活化能分别提升10.9和9.0kJ/mol,爆热值未出现明显降低(物理混合物为9298.4J/g,铝基核壳材料AP/Al为9260.6J/g),但铝基核壳材料AP/Al残渣中活性铝质量分数降低90%以上; 有别于传统铝粉燃烧的拖拽火焰,铝基核壳材料AP/Al燃烧时,铝液滴溅射大量细颗粒铝珠,且燃烧火焰更加均匀、明亮。

The core-shell material AP/Al were prepared by two-step process of “AP pretreatment and surface deposition” using ammonium perchlorate and aluminum powders as raw materials. The physical properties of surface morphology, element distribution, particle size distribution, and density of core-shell material AP/Al were characterized by SEM-EDS, particle size analysis and density test. The sensitivity characteristics, thermal decomposition performance, heat of explosion and active aluminum content in the residue of core-shell energetic material AP/Al composite were measured and compared to those of Al/AP physical mixture, the decomposition activation energies of AP/Al physical mixture and core-shell material AP/Al were calculated by Flynn-Wall-Ozawa equation, and the combustion characteristics of core-shell material AP/Al were recorded by high speed video camera. The results show that core-shell material AP/Al composites are spherical-like particles with AP as core and aluminum powder as shell, its density is 2.0485g/cm³.Compared to the AP/Al physical mixture, the electrostatic spark sensitivity of core-shell material AP/Al increases from 27.94mJ to 102.88mJ, and the activation energy of AP decomposition peak at low and high temperature increase by 10.9kJ/mol and 9.0kJ/mol, respectively. There is little difference between the heat of explosion of AP/Al physical mixture(9298.4J/g)and core-shell material AP/Al(9260.6J/g). However, the content of active aluminum in the AP/Al residue is reduced by more than 90% compared to Al/AP physical mixture. Rather than the droplet drag flame produced by the combustion of aluminum powder in the AP decomposition atmosphere, the aluminum droplets sputter a lot of fine aluminum beads, and the combustion flame is more uniform and bright when the core-shell material AP/Al are burned.

引言
1 实验
2 结果与讨论
3 结论

图1 铝基核壳材料AP/Al制备示意图<br/>Fig.1 Schematic diagram for preparation process of aluminum based core-shell material AP/Al

图1 铝基核壳材料AP/Al制备示意图
Fig.1 Schematic diagram for preparation process of aluminum based core-shell material AP/Al

图2 激光点火燃烧试验系统<br/>Fig.2 Schematic diagram of laser ignition combustion test system

图2 激光点火燃烧试验系统
Fig.2 Schematic diagram of laser ignition combustion test system

图3 原料和所制备铝基核壳材料AP/Al的扫描电镜图<br/>Fig.3 SEM images of raw material and aluminum based core-shell material AP/Al

图3 原料和所制备铝基核壳材料AP/Al的扫描电镜图
Fig.3 SEM images of raw material and aluminum based core-shell material AP/Al

图4 铝基核壳材料AP/Al 的EDS图<br/>Fig.4 EDS spectrum of aluminum based core-shell material AP/Al

图4 铝基核壳材料AP/Al 的EDS图
Fig.4 EDS spectrum of aluminum based core-shell material AP/Al

图5 铝基核壳材料AP/Al粒径分布图<br/>Fig.5 Particle size distribution of aluminum based core-shell material AP/Al

图5 铝基核壳材料AP/Al粒径分布图
Fig.5 Particle size distribution of aluminum based core-shell material AP/Al

表1 铝基核壳材料AP/Al及原料的感度<br/>Table 1 Sensitivity of AP/Al physical mixture and core-shell material AP/Al

表1 铝基核壳材料AP/Al及原料的感度
Table 1 Sensitivity of AP/Al physical mixture and core-shell material AP/Al

图6 AP/Al物理混合物及铝基核壳材料AP/Al的TG-DTA曲线<br/>Fig.6 TG-DTA curve of AP/Al physical mixtures and aluminum based core-shell material AP/Al

图6 AP/Al物理混合物及铝基核壳材料AP/Al的TG-DTA曲线
Fig.6 TG-DTA curve of AP/Al physical mixtures and aluminum based core-shell material AP/Al

表2 AP/Al物理混合物及铝基核壳材料AP/Al的爆热及残渣活性铝含量<br/>Table 2 Heat of explosion and active aluminum content in residue of AP/Al physical mixture and aluminum based core-shell AP/Al

表2 AP/Al物理混合物及铝基核壳材料AP/Al的爆热及残渣活性铝含量
Table 2 Heat of explosion and active aluminum content in residue of AP/Al physical mixture and aluminum based core-shell AP/Al

图7 AP/Al物理混合物及铝基核壳材料AP/Al的燃烧现象<br/>Fig.7 Combustion phenomenon of AP/Al physical mixture and core-shell material AP/Al

图7 AP/Al物理混合物及铝基核壳材料AP/Al的燃烧现象
Fig.7 Combustion phenomenon of AP/Al physical mixture and core-shell material AP/Al

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备注

引言

1 实验

2 结果与讨论

3 结论

期刊信息

备注

引言

1 实 验

2 结果与讨论

3 结 论

期刊信息

1 实验

3 结论