Al/AP/NC/CL-20纳米复合炸药的制备及表征
冀威1,段逸龙1,胡田源1,陈晓丽2

(1.西南科技大学 国防科技学院&四川省新型含能材料军民融合协同创新中心,四川 绵阳 621010; 2.中国人民解放军32228部队,江苏 南京 211133)

物理化学; Al/AP/NC/CL-20; 物理混合法; 静电喷雾法; 溶剂-非溶剂重结晶法

Preparation and Characterization of Al/AP/NC/CL-20 Nano-composite Explosives
JI Wei1,DUAN Yi-long1, HU Tian-yuan1, CHEN Xiao-li2

(1.School of Defense Science and Technology, Southwest University of Science and Technology & Sichuan Collaborative Innovation Center for New Energetic Materials,Mianyang Sichuan 621010, China; 2.Unit 32228, Nanjing 211133, China)

physical chemistry; Al/AP/NC/CL-20; mechanical mixing method; electrostatic spray method; solvent-nonsolvent recrystallization method

DOI: 10.14077/j.issn.1007-7812.202306014

备注

为提高推进剂的能量利用率和热释放效率,分别以物理混合法、静电喷雾法和溶剂-非溶剂重结晶法制备Al/AP/NC/CL-20纳米复合炸药; 采用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线能谱仪(EDS)、X-射线衍射仪(XRD)、红外光谱仪(FT-IR)和同步热分析仪(TG-DSC)对不同样品的形貌、结构和热分解性能进行了分析; 利用高速摄影仪测试其点火燃烧性能并对其撞击感度进行测试。结果表明,3种方法制备的Al/AP/NC/CL-20炸药组分分布均匀,粒径在100～300nm之间; 3种方法所制得的复合物中的组分NC、CL-20、AP与Al之间均为物理复合,其中静电喷雾法制得的样品中的CL-20晶型转变为β型; 物理混合法、静电喷雾法和溶剂-非溶剂法制得的Al/AP/NC/CL-20复合炸药的点火延迟时间分别为3、22和1ms; 燃烧持续时间分别为710、608和241ms; 与纳米CL-20相比,物理混合法、溶剂-非溶剂法和静电喷雾法制备的Al/AP/NC/CL-20复合炸药特性落高分别从8cm升高至25、31和28cm,降感效果明显。
To improve the energy utilization and heat release efficiency of propellants, Al/AP/NC/CL-20 nano-composite explosives were prepared by mechanical mixing method, electrostatic spray method and solvent-nonsolvent recrystallization method, respectively. The morphology, structure and thermal decomposition properties of the different samples were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM), X-ray energy spectroscopy(EDS), X-ray diffractometer(XRD), infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR)and simultaneous thermal analyzer(TG-DSC). The ignition and combustion characteristics were studied with the high-speed camera. And also, the impact sensitivity was tested. The results show that Al/AP/NC/CL-20 composite explosives prepared by the three methods are uniformly distributed with the particle sizes ranging from 100 to 300nm. The components NC, CL-20, AP and Al in the composites prepared by the three methods are physically compounded, where the crystal form of CL-20 in the sample prepared by the electrostatic spray method turns into β-type. The ignition delay time of Al/AP/NC/CL-20 composite explosives made by mechanical mixing method, electrostatic spray method and solvent non-solvent method is 3, 22 and 1ms, respectively. And the combustion duration of those explosives from the three methods is 710, 608 and 241ms, respectively. Compared with nano-CL-20, the characteristic drop heights of Al/AP/NC/CL-20 composite explosives prepared by mechanical mixing method, solvent non-solvent method and electrostatic spray method increased from 8cm to 25, 31 and 28cm, respectively, which means a significant decrease in sensitivity.