铝基合金燃料的研究及其在固体推进剂中的应用进展

(西安近代化学研究所 燃烧与爆炸技术重点实验室,陕西 西安 710065)

固体推进剂; 铝基合金燃料; 燃烧; 金属燃料; 铝粉; 燃速

Research Progress of Al-based Alloy Fuels and Perspectives for Applications in Solid Propellants
ZHANG Jian-kan,ZHAO Feng-qi,QIN Zhao,LI Hui

(Science and Technology of Combustion and Explosion Laboratory, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an 710065, China)

solid propellant; Al-based alloy fuel; burning; metal fuel; aluminum; burning rate

DOI: 10.14077/j.issn.1007-7812.202203029

备注

为了阐明元素组成和相组成与铝基合金燃料本征特性的关系,分别总结了低沸点金属、低熔点金属和高熔点金属作为合金元素时对理化特征和燃烧特性的影响规律,分析了不同铝基合金燃料点火和燃烧机制的差异。铝基合金燃料在燃烧过程中,存在Al-MLB的微爆、Al-MLM中的合金化放热/氧化通道、Al-MHM中的亚稳相放热等多种燃烧效率提升的机制。从能量提升和燃速调控两方面归纳了铝基合金燃料在固体推进剂中的应用研究概况,指出铝基合金燃料通过理论比冲提升、燃烧效率提升、二相流损失降低和密度提升等途径提高了推进剂的能量性能; 铝基合金燃料对推进剂燃速的影响是配方各组分相互作用的结果,调控效果随着配方中的氧化剂、黏合剂成分而发生改变。掌握铝基合金燃料“制备工艺-结构-性能”的关系、解决安全性和长期储存活性降低问题和完善燃速调节机制及燃烧反应释能机理,是铝基合金燃料的设计、应用和性能调控的关键。附
In order to clarify the relationship between elemental composition, phase composition and intrinsic characteristics of Al-based alloy fuels, the influence laws on physicochemical characteristics and combustion properties when low boiling point metals, low melting point metals and high melting point metals are used as alloying elements were summarized respectively, while the differences in ignition and combustion mechanisms of different aluminum-based alloy fuels were analyzed. Aluminum-low boiling point metal alloy(Al-MLB), aluminum-low melting point metal alloy(Al-MLM)and aluminum-high melting point metal alloy(Al-MHM)have particular ignition and combustion mechanism, and thus possess the influence of physicochemical properties and combustion characteristics. During the combustion process of aluminum-based alloy fuels, there are various principles for improving combustion efficiency such as microexplosion of Al-MLB, exothermic alloying/oxidation channels in Al-MLM, and exothermic metastable phase in Al-MHM. Research progress of the research on the application of Al-based alloy fuels in solid propellants was summarized in terms of energy enhancement and burning rate regulation. It is pointed out that the energy performance of solid propellants can be improved through the increase of theoretical specific impulse, combustion efficiency, density and the decrease of two-phase flow loss. The effect of the Al-based alloy fuels on the burning rate of solid propellants can be adjusted by the component of oxidizer and binder. The key point is to determine the relationship for preparation-structures-characteristics, solve the contradiction between the safety and activity, and improve the mechanism of combustion catalysis and energy release in reaction, which are crucial for the design, application and performance control for Al-based alloy as fuels for propellants. 75 References were attached.
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