双层核壳结构Al/PVDF/MO亚稳态分子间复合物的制备、表征及其热反应特性研究
姜一帆1,于宪峰2,李 辉1,李 娜1,张建侃1,蒋周峰1,张 明1,李瑞勤1,戴亚堂3,赵凤起1

(1.西安近代化学研究所 燃烧与爆炸技术重点实验室,陕西 西安 710065; 2.中国人民解放军63961部队,北京 100012; 3.西南科技大学 环境友好能源材料国家重点实验室,四川 绵阳 621010)

物理化学; 核壳结构; 亚稳态分子间复合物(MIC); 铝粉; 聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF); 过渡金属氧化物

Preparation, Characterization and Thermal Reactivity of Al/PVDF/MO Metastable Intermolecular Composites with Double Core-shell Structure
JIANG Yi-fan1, YU Xian-feng2, LI Hui1, LI Na1, ZHANG Jian-kan1, JIANG Zhou-feng1, ZHANG Ming1, LI Rui-qin2, DAI Ya-tang3, ZHAO Feng-qi1

(1.Science and Technology on Combustion and Explosion Laboratory, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an 710065, China; 2.Unit 63961 of the PLA, Beijing 100012, China; 3.State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang Sichuan 621010, China)

physical chemistry; core-shell structure; metastable intermolecular composites(MIC); aluminite powder; polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF); transition metal oxide

DOI: 10.14077/j.issn.1007-7812.202111002

备注

为提高铝粉释能速率与释能效率,采用两步低温液相法制备了双层核壳结构的Al/PVDF/NiO和Al/PVDF/CuO亚稳态分子间复合物(MIC); 通过XRD和XPS分析了复合材料的晶体结构特征和表面元素组成及价态; 通过SEM和FIB-SEM分析了复合材料的微观结构特征及组分间的复合方式; 采用氧弹量热仪测试了不同MIC材料的燃烧热; 通过同步热分析量热仪(TG-DSC)研究了不同MIC材料的热反应特性。结果表明,两种MIC材料均为双层核壳结构的花球状形貌,包覆层厚度约为300nm; Al/PVDF/NiO和Al/PVDF/CuO复合物的初始氧化放热峰温分别为990℃和997℃,热反应活性明显提升; 复合物放热量大幅提升且放热更为集中; 与Al粉相比,Al/PVDF/NiO和Al/PVDF/CuO复合物的氧化反应速率和燃烧效率大幅提升,氧化反应速率分别提升了77.4%和78.5%; 燃烧效率分别是Al粉的4.4倍和5.1倍,证明双层核壳结构能够最大程度地提高MIC材料的热反应活性,使放热反应过程更加集中,有助于提升热反应速率和反应效率。
To improve the energy release rate and efficiency of Al powder, Al/PVDF/NiO and Al/PVDF/CuO metastable intermolecular composites(MICs)with double core-shell structure were prepared by using a two-step low-temperature liquid phase method. The structure, surface element composition, and valence of the composite materials were analyzed by XRD and XPS. The microstructure characteristics and compound mode of the composite materials were identified by SEM and FIB-SEM. The combustion heat of different MIC materials was obtained by an oxygen bomb calorimeter. The thermal reaction behavior of different MIC materials was studied by TG-DSC. The results indicate that both double core-shell structured MICs present flower spherical morphology with the coating layer thickness of 300nm. The initial oxidative exothermic peak temperatures of Al/PVDF/NiO and Al/PVDF/CuO are 990℃ and 997℃, respectively, indicating the significantly improved thermal reactivity of the double core-shell MICs. The heat release of Al/PVDF/NiO and Al/PVDF/CuO are much higher and faster than that of the Al powder. Moreover, compared to the Al powder, the oxidation reaction rate and combustion efficiency of Al/PVDF/NiO and Al/PVDF/CuO are greatly improved. The oxidation reaction rates for these two MICs are improved by 77.4% and 78.5%, respectively. The combustion efficiency reaches 4.4 times and 5.1 times of Al powder, respectively. It demonstrates that the double-layer core-shell structure can improve the thermal reactivity of MIC materials, and make the exothermic reaction process faster, and it also can improve the thermal reaction rate and efficiency.
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